Insurability of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
A 30-year-old woman with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repaired at age 5 years was seen in the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) clinic. Her physician gave encouraging advice: there was…
Anesthesia in Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Including Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects, and with 85% of these children now surviving into adulthood, an increasing number of patients require ongoing care. Many,…
Psychosocial Issues in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Introduction Advances in pediatric and interventional cardiology, intensive care medicine, and cardiac surgery have resulted in tremendous improvements in life expectancy of patients born with a heart defect. Due to…
Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia
Pregnancy in any woman is a physiological challenge, but in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) it may pose considerable risks to both mother and fetus. Cardiac disease remains the…
Pregnancy and Contraception
Heart malformation is the most common form of congenital abnormality, occurring in approximately 0.8% of all babies born. Following improvements in surgery and medicine since the 1960s, most people with…
Cardiac Catheterization in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Acknowledgment Dr. Horlick is supported by the Peter Munk Chair in Structural Heart Disease. Cardiac catheterization remains a fundamental modality for the diagnosis and interventional treatment of adult congenital heart…
Echocardiography
Most patients with congenital heart lesions are diagnosed in infancy or childhood and then undergo palliative and/or reparative surgery. Despite ongoing advances in cardiac surgery and intervention, residual anatomic and…
Venous Shunts and the Fontan Circulation in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Venous shunts are surgical reconstructions involving an anastomosis between one or both venae cavae to one or both pulmonary arteries (PAs), and were developed to palliate infants born without two…
Cardiac Morphology and Nomenclature
The care of adults with congenital heart malformations has evolved into a specialty in its own right. The malformations are conceived by the general cardiologist as extremely complex, requiring a…
Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
The great successes of congenital heart surgery have created a new class of cardiology patient: the adult with congenital heart disease (CHD). It is estimated that there are nearly three…
