Introduction The main causes of congenital left atrial and ventricular inflow obstruction are pulmonary vein stenosis, cor triatriatum sinister (CTS), and mitral stenosis. Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis is usually a…
Definition and Morphology Truncus arteriosus (also known as persistent truncus arteriosus, truncus arteriosus communis, common arterial trunk, or common aorticopulmonary trunk) naturally involves a single arterial vessel exiting the base…
Etiology Aortic regurgitation (AR) rarely occurs as an isolated lesion, but is a common finding in patients with concomitant congenital heart lesions. It can result from primary disease of the…
The term pulmonary hypertension (PH) is broad and applicable to a group of conditions. The early 1990s saw major changes in the understanding of the spectrum of disease affecting the…
In 1966, Barlow and Bosman described a constellation of clinical findings consisting of nonejection systolic clicks and a late systolic murmur, T-wave abnormalities, and systolic aneurysmal billowing of the posterior…
Patients with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction comprise a diverse group of neonates, infants, children, and young adults, accounting for up to 6% of adults with congenital heart disease…
Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted for the mentorship, comments, and editorial guidance given to me by Drs. Gary Webb and Charles Bullaboy. Furthermore, I am indebted to my wife and…
Introduction Since its first description in 1840 by Thurman, varying terminologies and classifications have been used to describe the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SV aneurysm). Because this lesion lies on…
Acknowledgments We wish to thank Professor Adrienne H. Kovacs for the thorough and careful review of the manuscript. A 52-year-old man with severe Ebstein anomaly, atrial septal defect, and chronic…
For the first time in history, there are now more adults than children living with congenital heart disease (CHD) in North America. Adults with CHD of moderate or great complexity,…
