Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and specifically ischemic heart disease (IHD) have long been the leading cause of death in high-income countries (HICs); indeed, “disease of the heart,” in all its…
Introduction Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process triggered by accumulation of cholesterol-containing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the arterial wall. Major etiologic factors include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and cigarette smoking,…
Introduction This chapter reviews current understanding of the genetic architecture of coronary atherosclerosis as gleaned from Mendelian and common, complex forms of the disease. Newly identified pathways and biologic mechanisms…
Abstract Heart and lung transplantation in pediatric patients generally arise as treatment options of last resort, that is, the indication is for patients with heart and/or respiratory failure from various…
Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome constitutes a spectrum of morphologic abnormalities characterized by underdevelopment of left-sided cardiac structures. A comprehensive understanding of their unique anatomy and single-ventricle physiology is essential…
Abstract Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a type of cyanotic congenital heart defect (CCHD) characterized by complete obstruction of the atrioventricular valve associated with the morphologic right ventricle. It is an…
Abstract Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a complex congenital cardiac defect that interferes with the ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta. LVOTO is…
Abstract Congenitally corrected transposition is a rare condition characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. This creates a physiologically “corrected” circulation but leaves the morphologic right ventricle (mRV) in the systemic…
Abstract Arrhythmias remain one of the leading causes of death for adults with congenital heart disease. Although catheter ablation is often successful in this population, patients with complex arrhythmia mechanisms…
Abstract Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disorder of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular myocardium. The presentation depends on the severity of the disorder and can range from severe…
