Abstract Balloon-uncrossable chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are lesions that cannot be crossed with a balloon after successful guidewire crossing and confirmation of guidewire placement into the distal true lumen. Such…
Abstract Radiation injury can occur after chronic total occlusion intervention, hence strategies to minimize radiation exposure are critical and should be applied from the outset of the procedure. The total…
Abstract Solid commitment and passion are critical for developing a successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention program. This is best achieved using a multifaceted approach, addressing four areas: (1) CTO…
Acronym Full Name Description Page (Main Explanation) Pages (Mentioned) Anchor-Tornus technique Combined use of the Tornus microcatheter and side-branch anchoring to cross a balloon-uncrossable CTO. 277 Antegrade balloon puncture Variation…
Name Type Manufacturer Pages Amplatz gooseneck snare Snare Covidien 76 Angiosculpt Scoring balloon Spectranetics 281 Astato XS 20 Very stiff (20 gr tip load), tapered tip guidewire Asahi Intecc 63…
Abstract Restenosis can be high after chronic total occlusion (CTO) treatment with balloon angioplasty or bare metal stents (BMS). Drug-eluting stents (DES) significantly reduce the risk for in-stent restenosis compared…
Abstract Antegrade wire escalation is the most easily understood and most widely used chronic total occlusion (CTO) crossing technique and is most appropriate for short occlusions or longer occlusions where…
Abstract A coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is defined as a 100% occlusion of an artery with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 0 flow of at least 3 month duration….
In this chapter, we have drawn from evidence-based guidelines, adopted the standard classification schemas used to grade the level of recommendation and strength of supportive evidence, and provided updated information…
Overview and Definitions Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mm Hg or higher, a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mm Hg or higher, or current use of antihypertensive…
