Key Points • Therapeutic options for treatment of patients to prevent cardiovascular disease events have increased at an exponential rate during the past quarter century. • The Institute of Medicine…
Key Points • Advances in vascular biology and imaging technology have greatly contributed to further elucidation of the complexities of vascular structure and function and the significance of the endothelium…
Key Points • Diabetes mellitus is a major independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. • The worldwide prevalence of diabetes is increasing, driven primarily by the rise in type 2…
Key Points • HDL-C is inversely correlated with coronary heart disease. • In addition to its pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL possesses anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and antioxidant properties. •…
Key Points • Increased levels of physical activity and exercise are associated with increased longevity and a decrease in cardiovascular disease risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. • By adding…
Key Points • Global risk assessment approaches for coronary heart disease, such as Framingham risk scores, underestimate long-term risks, especially in young men and postmenopausal women with multiple risk factors….
Key Points • The incidence and prevalence of most cardiovascular diseases increase with advancing age. • Age is the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but age has traditionally been…
Key Points • The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that even in the absence of diabetes precedes development of cardiovascular disease. • Visceral obesity and ensuing insulin…
Key Points • Screening involves the routine testing of asymptomatic individuals for the purpose of detecting the presence of a condition or a disease. The ultimate goal of screening is…
Key Points • Obesity is the leading public health crisis of our time. It is a primary target to reduce an avoidable disease burden in the United States. • Obesity…
