Sternotomy and Thoracotomy for Mediastinal Disease Joseph LoCicero III Mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy are excellent incisions for diagnostic evaluation of the mediastinum. For tumor removal, larger incisions must be used. The…
Transcervical Mediastinal Lymph Node Sampling and Lymphadenectomy Richard S. Lazzaro Joseph LoCicero III Mediastinal Evaluation Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Accurate…
Mediastinal Tumor Markers Philip G. Robinson This chapter discusses the tumor markers, particularly the serum markers, of mediastinal tumors. Mediastinal tumors are a diverse group of tumors that share an…
Radionuclide Studies of the Mediastinum William G. Spies Until recently, the role of radionuclide imaging in the chest was primarily related to evaluation of disorders of the heart and lungs,…
Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Magnetic Resonance Investigation of the Mediastinum Wallace T. Miller Jr. Rosita M. Shah Imaging Techniques Radiographic Evaluation of the Mediastinum Despite obvious technologic advances in imaging,…
Neurogenic Structures of the Mediastinum Thomas W. Shields Phrenic and Vagus Nerves Phrenic Nerves The phrenic nerve on the right lies on the medial border of the anterior scalene muscle…
Mediastinal Parathyroids Thomas W. Shields The two pairs of parathyroid glands derive from the endoderm of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches bilaterally (Fig. 163-1). Hamilton and Mossman9 have presented…
The Thymus Thomas W. Shields Embryology The thymus in humans primarily arises from the third pharyngeal pouches (thymus III). Thymic tissue may also arise from the fourth pharyngeal pouches (thymus…
The Mediastinum, Its Compartments, and the Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Thomas W. Shields The mediastinum is defined as the thoracic space that lies between the two pleural cavities. It extends from…
Less Common Malignant Tumors of the Esophagus Amit Goldberg The less common malignant tumors of the esophagus share the same common clinical behavior and pathophysiologic features of typical epidermoid carcinoma…
