Chronic leg swelling
18 Chronic leg swelling Timothy A. Lees and Hazel Trender There are various conditions that can cause chronic lower limb swelling (Box 18.1). The three most common are chronic venous…
Thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic disease
14 Thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aortic disease Ian Nordon, Robert Morgan and Matthew Thompson Introduction The evolution of endovascular techniques has revolutionised the treatment of thoracic aneurysms and type B aortic…
Primary and secondary vasospastic disorders (Raynaud’s phenomenon) and vasculitis
12 Primary and secondary vasospastic disorders (Raynaud’s phenomenon) and vasculitis Jill J.F. Belch and Matthew A. Lambert Introduction There are many inflammatory and vasospastic disorders that can present with ischaemia…
Medical treatment of chronic lower limb ischaemia
3 Medical treatment of chronic lower limb ischaemia Cliff Shearman Introduction Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an extremely common condition. In the Edinburgh Artery Study of men and women aged…
Vascular anomalies
20 Vascular anomalies James E. Jackson Introduction Vascular anomalies are common in infants and children, but their classification is frequently a source of great confusion and, as a result, they…
Amputation, rehabilitation and prosthetic developments
6 Amputation, rehabilitation and prosthetic developments Ramesh Munjal and Gillian Atkinson Introduction For some patients with lower limb ischaemia, amputation may be the only interventional option because revascularisation is not…
Future developments
21 Future developments Alan G. Dawson and Julie Brittenden Introduction Secondary prevention is the first-line management of all patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The first section of this chapter…
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease
Chapter 6 Echocardiographic Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease Catherine M. Otto ANATOMIC IMAGING, Echocardiographic Valve Anatomy, Transthoracic versus Transesophageal Echocardiographic Imaging, EVALUATION OF STENOSIS SEVERITY, Velocity Data and Pressure Gradients, …
Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease by Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography
Chapter 7 Evaluation of Valvular Heart Disease by Cardiac Catheterization and Angiocardiography David M. Shavelle BASIC PRINCIPLES Pressures Pressure-Volume Loops EVALUATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION Angiocardiography Cardiac Output EVALUATION…
Mitral Regurgitation: Timing of Surgery
Chapter 20 Mitral Regurgitation Timing of Surgery Rick A. Nishimura and Hartzell V. Schaff RECENT ADVANCES Pathophysiology Natural History of Mitral Regurgitation Predictors of Outcome Advances in Surgical Intervention Predictors…
