Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease
Remarks There are familial cases of anomalous origin of the coronary arteries, in which a family screening would be recommended Anomalies of the coronary arteries can be the cause of…
Pathology of the Pericardium
Fig. 4.1 Histology of a normal pericardium. Two photomicrographs of the visceral pericardium. (a) Next to the outermost layer of the myocardium. (b) A higher magnification, showing a mesothelial layer…
Cardiovascular Pathology Secondary to Alcohol Consumption, Drugs of Abuse and Medication
Fig. 11.1 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A 54-year-old male, alcoholic, who died suddenly. (a) Heart of 760 g with globoid appearance. (b) Dilatation of both ventricular chambers (RV chamber: 5 cm, LV…
Endovenous Thermal Ablation of Saphenous Reflux
Chapter 4 Endovenous Thermal Ablation of Saphenous Reflux Jose I. Almeida Historical Background Treatment of this disorder has evolved from sclerotherapy to open radical surgery to the use of sophisticated…
Iliofemoral Venous Occlusive Disease
Chapter 16 Iliofemoral Venous Occlusive Disease Jose I. Almeida Historical Background In contrast to the right common iliac vein, which ascends almost vertically to the inferior vena cava (IVC), the…
Venous Pathophysiology
Chapter 3 Venous Pathophysiology Rafael D. Malgor, Nicos Labropoulos Etiology and Natural History of Disease Primary Venous Disease Primary venous disease affects two-thirds of patients with chronic venous disease (CVD)….
Treatment of Spider Telangiectasias
Chapter 11 Treatment of Spider Telangiectasias Edward G. Mackay Historical Background Although the treatment of varicose veins was in the phase of further refinement, the treatment of telangiectasias was not…
Treatment of Perforating Veins
Chapter 8 Treatment of Perforating Veins Jose Almeida Historical Background Although the role of perforator veins (PVs) in the development of signs and symptoms remains unclear, the number of incompetent…
Thromboembolic Disease
Chapter 12 Thromboembolic Disease Timothy K. Liem, Jose I. Almeida Historical Background and Epidemiology of Acute Venous Thromboembolic Disease The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) ranges from 5 to…
Treatment of Venous Ulcers
Chapter 20 Treatment of Venous Ulcers Ronald Bush Venous ulcers affect 2% of the adult population. Millions of dollars are spent each year on the care of this difficult condition….
