7 Brain–Computer Interfacing Brain–computer interfacing (BCI) (also called brain–machine interfacing (BMI)) is a challenging problem that forms part of a wider area of research, namely human–computer interfacing (HCI), which interlinks…
1 Introduction to EEG The neural activity of the human brain starts between the 17th and 23rd week of prenatal development. It is believed that from this early stage and…
Myocardial Ischemia and Necrosis 9.1. Introduction Table 9.1 shows the various clinical presentations with ECG abnormalities due to myocardial ischemia and/or necrosis. These ECG disturbances occur mainly in the T wave,…
The ECG Curve: What Is It and How Does It Originate? 2.1. How Does the TAP of a Myocardiac Cell Become the Curve of the Cellular Electrogram? The electrical activity (depolarization…
ECG Interpretation 4.1. A Systematic Method of Interpretation The routine use of a systematic method of interpretation for both normal and pathologic ECG patterns as outlined below, is an effective way…
Ventricular Blocks 7.1. General Concepts In the specific intraventricular conduction system there are four fascicles (Fig. 7.1): the right bundle branch (RBB), the left bundle branch (LBB) and its two divisions,…
ECG Patterns of Ventricular Arrhythmias In this chapter, we describe the ECG characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias. Their mechanisms have been explained in Chapter 10. 12.1. Premature Ventricular Complexes 12.1.1. Ventricular Extrasystoles (VE):…
ECG Patterns of Supraventricular Arrhythmias In this chapter we describe the ECG characteristics of supraventricular arrhythmias. Their mechanisms have been explained in Chapter 10. 11.1. Premature Complexes (Fig. 11.1) [A] These…
Ventricular Enlargements 6.1. Background The term ventricular enlargement (VE) refers to both hypertrophy of the myocardial mass of the ventricles as well as dilation of the cavity, and may include a…
Concepts, Classification, and Mechanisms of Arrhythmias 10.1. Concepts [A] Any cardiac rhythm that is not normal sinus rhythm is considered an arrhythmia (see Section 4.2.1 in Chapter 4). The ECG is…
