Therapeutic Strategies in Fungal Infections
Fig. 14.1. Antifungal treatment strategies for patients at high risk for fungal infection [Taken from Ruping et al. (2008)] In clinical practice, these situations may often overlap, making an exact…
Antifungal Pharmacokinetics
D-AmB deoxycholate Amphotericin B, L-AmB liposomal Amphotericin B, Anid anidulafungin, CAS caspofungin, Mica micafungin, Flu fluconazole, Itr intraconazole, Pos posaconazole Vor voriconazole, n.a. not applicable, IV formul. intravenous formulation containing…
Molecular Epidemiology of Pneumocystis Outbreaks
Fig. 11.1 (a) P. jirovecii asci visualized in a patient’s bronchoalveolar lavage using Grocott’s methenamine silver staining as described by Churukian and Schenk (1977). The parentheses-like structure in each ascus…
T Cell Responses in Fungal Infections
Fig. 6.1 T cell activation in fungal infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are at the crossroads of antifungal immunity and tolerance because both inflammatory and tolerogenic DCs may arise from their…
From Commensal to Pathogen: Candida albicans
Fig. 1.1. Scanning electron micrograph of C. albicans growing on oral epithelial cell layer, in yeast, hyphal and pseudohyphal morphologies. Hyphae invade via active penetration and induce endocytosis, indicated by…
Molecular Mechanisms of Histoplasma Pathogenesis
Fig. 7.1. Molecular mechanisms of detection avoidance during interaction of Histoplasma yeasts with macrophages. Adherence and phagocytosis of yeasts into macrophages is mediated by cell-wall-localized Hsp60 binding to CD18-family receptors…
Mucosal Immunology in Candida albicans Infection
Fig. 9.1. Clinical presentation of oral C. albicans infections with erythematous patches and white pseudomembranes on the tongue of a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis C. albicans interacts with epithelial…
Mitochondrial Excitation-Energy Coupling in Airway Smooth Muscle
Fig. 5.1 (a) ASM model highlighting main components of the encoding of a force response by [Ca2+]cyt where propagating [Ca2+]cyt oscillations give rise to a sustained force response. (b) Demonstration…
Age-Specific Difference in Pulmonary Cellular Injury and Mitochondrial Damage
Target Action/result Complex I ↓ Oxidative phosphorylation → ↓ ATP production ↑ ROS Complex III ↓ Oxidative phosphorylation → ↓ ATP production ↑ ROS Complex IV ↓ Oxidative phosphorylation → ↓ ATP production ↑ ROS Complex…
Mitochondrial Function in Lung Health and Disease
Fig. 8.1 Mitochondria as oxygen sensor. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation at complex III of the respiratory chain. IMS intermembrane space, SOD superoxide dismutase Mitochondria in Cancer One constitutive metabolic…
