Pulmonary Vascular Manifestations of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Fig. 12.1 (a) Case 1: Chest x-ray shows that the left diaphragm is obscured by a pleural effusion. The abdomen is protected by a lead shield. (b–d) Case 1: CT…
The Challenges of Clinical Research in Orphan Diseases
Increasing awareness of rare diseases throughout society Defining disease mechanisms and targets – encourage basic research Improving case definition Improving methods of diagnosis and screening Standardizing methods for sample manipulation…
Systems Biology Approaches to Understanding and Predicting Fungal Virulence
Fig. 3.1. The “bench–desk–bench” loop of SysBio. A typical SysBio workflow. Based on an observation, such as a difference in yeast colony size and phenotype under two different conditions, a…
Diagnostics of Fungal Infections
Fig. 13.1. Angioinvasive aspergillosis in a 35-year-old man with acute lymphatic leukemia. CT scan shows bilateral peribronchovascular nodular lung lesions with surrounding halo of ground-glass attenuation representing adjacent hemorrhage Fig….
Receptor–Ligand Interactions in Fungal Infections
Fig. 4.1. Fungal PAMPs. The fungal cell wall is rich in carbohydrates such as α-mannan (mannosylated proteins), β-glucan, and chitin. The cell wall is a dynamic structure capable of considerable…
Infections Caused by Mucorales
Order Family Genus Species Mucorales Syncephalastraceae Syncephalastrum Syncephalastrum racemosum Saksenaeaceae Apophysomyces Apophysomyces elegans complex Apophysomyces trapeziformis Saksenaea Saksenaea vasiformis complexa Saksenaea erythrospora b Cunninghamellaceae Cunninghamella Cunninghamella bertholletiae Mucoraceae Absidia Absidia…
Macrophages in the Immune Response Against Cryptococcus
Fig. 5.1. India ink stain of C. neoformans var. grubii strain H99, revealing the characteristic polysaccharide capsule surrounding the fungal cells as a white halo. Note also that a number…
Invasive Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit
High-risk category Neutropenia (neutrophil count <500/mm3) Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Hematological malignancy Intermediate-risk category Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids before admission to the ICU Autologous bone marrow transplantation Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease…
Aspergillus fumigatus: Saprotroph to Pathogen
Fig. 2.1. Saprotroph to pathogen: a three-step cause-and-effect framework. Diseases caused by A. fumigatus arise as a result of both pathogen and host activities, and the transition from saprotroph to…
Visualizing Immune Responses in Fungal Infections: Established and Novel Methods
Fig. 8.1. CLSM 3D reconstruction of an A. fumigatus -infected lung. This picture has been taken from an infected and subsequently explanted murine lung by use of confocal laser scanning…
