Fig. 17.1 (a) The chemical structures for selected nitrate preparations. (b) Nitroglycerin’s physiologic effects in the heart and in the peripheral venous system. Nitroglycerin dilates large and medium-sized coronary arteries…
(1) Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, VT, USA Deceased Abstract Diabetes, insulin resistance, and heart disease are extraordinarily common. Furthermore, they…
Fig. 19.1 Time to treatment monotony. Collation of selected clinical trials over the past two decades arranged according to time from symptom onset to commencement of reperfusion therapy. Note that…
Fig. 2.1 The initiation and progression of atherosclerosis involves a complex set of inflammatory cytokines, which are derived from different cellular components such as macrophages, smooth muscle cells, platelets, endothelial…
Fig. 24.1 Percent change in age-adjusted death rates for coronary heart disease by race and sex, U.S., 1950–2008 (Source: National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute [9]) Population Dynamics and Sudden…
Fig. 9.1 (a) An ECG of a patient with old inferolateral infarction. There are abnormal Q waves in the inferior leads (II, III and aVF) and tall R wave (a…
Class I 1. Meticulous identification and control of fluid retention 2. Referral for cardiac transplantation in potentially eligible patients 3. Referral to an HF program with expertise in the management…
Fig. 20.1 Colored arteriogram of arteries of healthy heart ((c) SPL/Science Source Images, used with permission) Heart failure (HF) is a physiologic state in which the heart either cannot pump…
Fig. 28.1 Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors. HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, sd-LDL small-dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HTN hypertension Blood Pressure Exercise plays a significant role in…
Fig. 16.1 Atherosclerotic lesions with luminal thrombi. Coronary plaque features responsible for acute thrombosis comprise three different morphologies: rupture, erosion, and calcified nodules. Ruptured plaques are thin fibrous cap atheromas…
