Etiology aortic disease Degenerative or patients without connective tissue disorder ≥55 mm Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) ≥55 mm Patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and risk factorsa ≥50 mm Patients with…
Fig. 19.1 Probability of freedom from neo-aortic root dilation (neo-aortic root z-score ≧ 3.0) and probability of freedom from moderate to more severe neo-aortic regurgitation, each independently over time since ASO. AR…
Fig. 8.1 Mechanisms for developing aortic dilatation 8.3 Impedance Mismatch Characteristic features of aortopathy, including augmented stiffness, aortic dilatation, and subsequent distal narrowing, result in heterogeneity of aortic properties, both…
References First author Journal Year Design n Age BMI Male (%) Diagnosis APC/TCPC NYHA Peak VO2 ACEI/ARB ß Diuretics [24] Myers KA JASE 2013 Fontan 22 14.9 (7.6–18.7) 19.5 (15.0–25.7)…
Fig. 9.1 Incidence of dissection of the aorta in Marfan syndrome. Marfan syndrome patients tend to experience dissection of the aorta during pregnancy than nonpregnant period (4.4 % vs. 0.9 %, p < 0.05)…
Fig. 16.1 Schematic depiction of the three possible locations of the infolding relative to the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). (a) Pre-ductal coarctation. (b) Para-ductal coarctation. (c) Post-ductal coarctation 16.2.2 Epidemiology…
Family history Aortic dilation (Z ≥ 2) or dissection Ectopia lentis Systemic score (≥7 of 20) Pathogenic FBN1 mutation X X X X X X X Xao X X X X X …
General Advanced age Arteriosclerosis Arterial hypertension Genetic aortic syndromes (monogenetic diseases) Nonsyndromic Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm syndrome caused by mutations in the following genes ACTA2 MYH11 MMP3 MMP9 SMAD3 Syndromic…
General criteria Condition In the absence of family history (1) Ao (Z≥2) and EL = MFS (2) Ao (Z≥2) and FBN1 = MFS (3) Ao (Z≥2) and Syst (≥7pts) =…
Fig. 18.1 Progressive neo-aortic dilation in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Box plots depicting the median value (middle line of box), the 25th and 75th percentiles (upper and low…
