Fig. 8.1 a CCA illustrating MAPCAs in situ. b Axial CT image illustrating overriding aorta, hypertrophied right ventricle, and MAPCAs. c 2D echo illustrating overriding aorta. d 3D reconstruction of CT…
Fig. 15.1 Case 1: Cardiac MRI a, b showing the tumor compressing the RVOT (circle), and an intraoperative photograph showing the large fibroma on the anterior surface of the heart (c)…
Fig. 9.1 Segmentation. The blood pool is highlighted using “thresholding” based on gray values in orthogonal views (a–c). An “offset” layer is created on the surface of this model (d) which…
Fig. 12.1 Development process of a multimaterial, patient-specific model of aortic stenosis. Step 1 CT imaging dataset converted into DICOM format. Step 2 Segmentation process includes identification of target anatomic geometry…
Fig. 18.1 Strategies to generate microvasculatures and vascularized constructs. a–d Self-assembly of cells for vascular grafts generation. a Sequential steps of cell fusion of vascular tissue spheroids in collagen I hydrogel…
Fig. 14.1 D-TGA 3D virtual model (left) and corresponding printed model (right) of the pulmonary venous baffle (PVB) to the systemic right ventricle (RV) in a 36 yo patient with D-TGA…
Gauge Injection rate (ml/s) Pressure limits (psi) 24 ≤2 ≤100 22 ≤3 ≤300 20 ≤4 18 ≤5 Modified from Ref. [6]. psi pressure per square inch As shown in Fig. 3.1,…
Fig. 4.1 Image types used for 3D modeling. a MRI 3D-SSFP. b MRA. c MRI 3D-IR. d CTA. e 3D echo Modern digital imaging systems store images primarily in DICOM format….
Diagnosis Age at imaging study (years) Weight at study (kg) Reason for printing Modality Did 3D model add value over prior imaging? Pre-intervention cases: Did the 3D model aid in…
Consequences of valvular heart diseases Aortic stenosis • 5-year survival rate of symptomatic severe AS is from 15–50% Results in • Left ventricular dysfunction • Left ventricular hypertrophy • Pulmonary…
