Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and ARDS

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure and ARDS

Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Hypoxemic respiratory failure has classically been defined as an arterial P o 2 of less than 60 mm Hg. It is distinguished from hypercapnic respiratory failure (P co 2…

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Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis

Introduction Pneumomediastinum and mediastinitis are disorders that involve the potential spaces and tissues of the mediastinum. Although both may be present at the same time, for example, after esophageal rupture,…

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Lung Transplantation

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Lung Transplantation

Introduction Human lung transplantation was first attempted in 1963, but it was not until nearly 2 decades later that extended survival was achieved. Further refinements in patient selection, surgical technique,…

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The Lungs in Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on The Lungs in Obstetric and Gynecologic Diseases

Introduction Both respiratory physiology and the respiratory tract’s susceptibility to disease are uniquely altered in gynecologic and obstetric conditions, including normal pregnancy. This chapter summarizes normal physiologic alterations during pregnancy…

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Extracorporeal Support of Gas Exchange

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Extracorporeal Support of Gas Exchange

Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique of life support that consists of diverting a fraction of the patient’s blood flow (BF) through an artificial lung for gas exchange…

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Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias

Introduction The term interstitial lung disease (ILD), in general, implies the clinical manifestation of inflammatory-fibrotic infiltration of the alveolar walls (septa) resulting in profound effects on the capillary endothelium and…

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Thoracic Radiology: Noninvasive Diagnostic Imaging

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Thoracic Radiology: Noninvasive Diagnostic Imaging

Introduction Imaging plays a major role in the detection, diagnosis, and serial evaluation of thoracic disease. The appropriate use of imaging techniques requires some basic understanding of the technical aspects…

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Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection

Introduction Since the recognition of the first cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1981, our understanding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its myriad infectious and noninfectious complications has…

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Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Lung Disease

Jul 21, 2019 by in CARDIOLOGY Comments Off on Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Lung Disease

Introduction This chapter will focus on the pulmonary hypertension (PH) that results from chronic lung diseases. This is a common and significant clinical complication of lung disease, and it is…

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