Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD)
Fig. 17.1 Angiographic presentation of AVSD known as “goose neck deformity” before the start of systole Fig. 17.2 Angiographic presentation of AVSD known as “goose neck deformity” in systole Fig….
Congenital Anomalies of the Aortic Valve
Fig. 23.1 (a–c): Anatomy of the aortic valve and root (a) Aortic valve in cross section. Each cusp is marked with (L), (R), and (N) representing the left, right, and…
Limiting the Lifetime Surgical Impact of Congenital Heart Disease and Guiding Care for the Congenital Heart Patient
Fig. 15.1 (a) Transcatheter PDA closure in the NICU using rainbow flex procedural bed and micro-fluoroscopy unit (at white arrow) (authors). (b) Large PDA (*) with hemodynamically important left-to-right shunt…
Pulmonary Hypertension
Classification Definition/title Pre- or postcapillary Class 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) Precapillary PH Class 2 PH due to left heart disease Postcapillary PH Class 3 PH due to chronic obstructive…
Atrial Septal Defect and Ventricular Septal Defect
Type of ASD Mechanism of ASD Occurrence of the lesion/clinical outcome Associated lesions ASD secundum (ASD II) Failure in pulling down of the septum primum and deficient septum secundum The…
Medical Facility Infrastructure Considerations
Fig. 14.1 Venn diagram demonstrating the multi-faceted flow patterns for referral and evaluation of pediatric and congenital heart patients The referral of pediatric patients to highly specialized centers providing cardiac…
Anomalies of the Aortic Arch: Aortic Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch
Fig. 24.1 Coarctation of the aorta; (a) pre-ductal type; (b) post-ductal type Clinical Features In the current era, we could not consider CoA simply as a mechanical stricture of the…
Congenital Cardiac Intensive Care and Management of Cardiac Arrest
Location Type of receptor Effects of simulation Heart Sinus node β1 Increase in heart rate Atrioventricular node β1 Increase in heart rate Coronary circulation α Vasoconstriction Coronary circulation DA Vasodilation…
Postoperative Central Nervous System Management in Patients with Congenital Heart Disease
Risk factor Relationship with CNS disorders Genetic risk factors Genetic syndromes have a very worse effect on CNS outcome; among them, these are the main ones: trisomy 21, DiGeorge syndrome,…
Postoperative Respiratory Management in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients
Lower CROP index values are predictive of extubation failure; especially with a CROP value of ≥ 0.15 ml/kg/breaths/min (Baumeister et al. 1997; Thiagarajan et al. 1999; Newth et al. 2009;…
