Fig. 21.1 Mechanism of action of unfractionated versus low-molecular-weight heparins (see text) Warfarin exerts an anticoagulant effect by interfering with an essential posttranslational, vitamin K-dependent step that results in the…
Fig. 12.1 Anatomic distribution of varicose veins and their relationship to documented source of superficial venous reflux, including the great saphenous vein, anterior saphenous vein, pudendal vein, small saphenous vein,…
Complete compression of the vein Vein walls completely apposed with less compression than required to compress adjacent artery Spontaneous phasic flow signals in all veins The examination is performed with…
ABI Degree of PAD Symptoms 0.97–1.25 None None 0.75–0.96 Mild Minimal claudication 0.50–0.74 Moderate Claudication <0.50 Severe Severe claudication <0.30 Critical Rest pain, poor healing, ischemic ulcers/ tissue loss One…
Fig. 4.1 The EKG complex: individual components are identified here and will be discussed in the main text EKG Findings in Acute Pericarditis The pericardium is a fibrous sac that…
Fig. 5.1 Pericardial anatomy. Panel a: Pericardial fat pad on transthoracic echocardiogram in the parasternal long-axis view. Note the heterogeneous appearance of the two layers of pericardial fat (arrows); one…
Fig. 6.1 Pulmonary artery or “Swan-Ganz” catheter Once venous access is obtained, the catheter is advanced with the balloon inflated to the right atrium, then the right ventricle, the pulmonary…
Fig. 7.1 (a) Apical four chamber echocardiographic view in a 37 year old man with pericarditis revealing a large circumferential pericardial effusion. (b) Subcostal echocardiographic view in the same patient…
Fig. 13.1 Novel “CHASER” pathway for the management of pericardial disease. The figure outlines a unified, stepwise pathway-based approach to pericardial disease management The Advanced Cardiac Admission Program The “Advanced…
Fig. 12.1 Computerized tomography scan of the chest demonstrating a patient with delayed pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery resulting in hypotension, low cardiac output, and bilateral pleural effusions with atelectasis…
