Thoracic Key

Section 6 Ischaemic heart disease Myocardial ischaemia – ST depression Myocardial ischaemia – T wave inversion Myocardial ischaemia – non-specific changes Acute extensive anterior myocardial infarction Acute anterolateral myocardial infarction…

Section 2 Ventricular rhythms Ventricular premature beat (VPB) Ventricular bigeminy Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Ventricular tachycardia – atrioventricular dissociation Ventricular tachycardia – capture and fusion beats Ventricular tachycardia – morphology of…

Section 3 Bundle branch block Right bundle branch block (RBBB) Incomplete right bundle branch block Left bundle branch block (LBBB) Incomplete left bundle branch block Left anterior hemiblock Left posterior…

Section 7 Hypertrophy patterns Right atrial abnormality (P-pulmonale) Left atrial abnormality (P-mitrale) Biatrial hypertrophy Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) – limb lead criteria Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)…

Section 8 Systemic disorders and drug effects Hypothermia Hyperkalaemia (subtle ECG changes) Hyperkalaemia (extreme ECG features) Hypokalaemia Hypocalcaemia Hypercalcaemia Digoxin (digitalis) effect Tricyclic antidepressant overdose Case 76 A thin 79-year-old…

Section 4 Heart block First degree heart block Second degree heart block – Mobitz type 1 or Wenckebach AV block Second degree heart block – Mobitz type 2 Second degree…

Section 5 Pacemakers Ventricular pacemaker Dual chamber pacing (AV sequential pacing) Problems with pacemakers – failure to sense Problems with pacemakers – failure to capture Polymorphic VT with cardioversion and…

Section 9 Technical issues Electrical interference Skeletalmuscle interference Regular skeletal muscle interference ‘Technical’ dextrocardia Misplaced chest leads Case 84 A routine preoperative recording Electrical interference • A regular wave at…