General Features of the Cardiovascular System
Fig. 1.1 The major components of the cardiovascular system: circulating blood, the blood vessels, the heart, and the lymphatic system. (Left) Major vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart…
The Use of Isolated Heart Models and Anatomical Specimens as Means to Enhance the Design and Testing of Cardiac Devices
Fig. 41.1 Images from perfusion-fixed hearts from the Visible Heart® laboratory’s library : (1) calcified aortic valve (upper left panel), (2) pulmonary valve (upper right panel), (3) subvalvular apparatus of…
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Fig. 31.1 Illustration of an implanted CRT system with right atrial, right ventricular, and left ventricular leads. Courtesy of Medtronic plc 31.4 Implantation of CRT Implantation of a CRT system…
Autonomic Nervous System
Fig. 14.1 General afferent and efferent pathways/connections of the hypothalamus (medial and lateral), the pituitary gland (adeno- and neurohypophysis), the limbic system, the thalamus, and the mesencephalon. Note the medial…
End-Stage Congestive Heart Failure in the Adult Population: Ventricular Assist Devices
Fig. 39.1 Schematic of a HeartMate SNAP-VE ventricular assist device system. One can see the internal connections at the apex of the left ventricle where there is inflow into the…
Monitoring and Managing the Critically Ill Patient in the Intensive Care Unit
Heart rate Blood pressure Mentation Skin perfusion Urine output 50 cm3/h Normal lactate/acid base status Appropriate response to therapeutic interventions 23.2.2 Evaluation of Cardiac Function Another reason for consideration of…
Reversible and Irreversible Damage of the Myocardium: Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Cardioprotection
Secondary determinants influencing MVO2 include (1) the relative heart rate, (2) myocardial stroke work, (3) imposed afterloads, and/or (4) the inotropic state of the myocardium. Importantly, associated with cardiac surgery,…
Cardiac and Vascular Receptors and Signal Transduction
By location By receptor types Cardiac receptors • Myocardial • Conduction system • Others G protein-coupled receptors Tyrosine kinase-linked receptors Guanylyl cyclase-linked receptors Vascular receptors • Endothelial • Vascular smooth muscle • Others Other receptors (low-sensitivity…
Current Status of Development and Regulatory Approval of Cardiac Devices
•Adverse local tissue interactions: – Inflammation – Toxicity – Carcinogenic response – Calcification – Embolization or lymphatic spread of material fragments •Induced device migrations: encapsulation or foreign body response •Inappropriate…
Congenital Cardiac Anatomy and Operative Correction
Acyanotic • Left-to-right shunts Atrial septal defects Ventricular septal defects Atrioventricular septal defects Aortopulmonary window • Left-sided obstructive lesions Aortic coarctation Congenital aortic stenosis Interrupted aortic arch Cyanotic • Right-to-left…
