Less Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Fig. 35.1 Totally aortic “non-touch” technique in off-pump three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting surgery via left minithoracotomy; the inflow vein grafts come from the distal left subclavian artery in addition…
Cellular Myocytes
Fig. 12.1 A typical mammalian cell. The intracellular environment is separated from the extracellular environment by a lipid bilayer membrane (see area encircled in figure). Each cell contains a nucleus…
Heart Valve Disease
Fig. 34.1 Apical view of the four heart valves—aortic, mitral, pulmonic, and tricuspid 34.2 A New Frontier: Valve Replacement Before 1950, the ability to safely and effectively operate on the…
Transcatheter Valve Repair and Replacement
Fig. 36.1 Two potential approaches for the delivery of a transcatheter pulmonic valve : (A) transvenously into the right atrium, then through the tricuspid valve, or (B) transapically through the…
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Cardioplegia
Fig. 33.1 Total cardiopulmonary bypass showing the venous cannulas in the superior and inferior vena cavae with constrictions placed around the respective veins. The venous blood is draining to the…
Comparative Cardiac Anatomy
Fig. 6.1 Drawing of the coronary arterial circulation in the: (A) dog, (B) pig, and (C) human. Notice the extensive network of coronary collateralization in the dog heart, including many…
Introduction to Echocardiography
where SF = shortening fraction, LVEDD = left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and LVESD = left ventricular end-systolic dimension. Normal values vary with age and range from 35–45 % in infants to 28–44 % in adolescents and…
Blood Pressure, Heart Tones, and Diagnoses
where PP = SBP − DBP, MAP = mean arterial pressure, DBP = diastolic blood pressure, PP = pulse pressure, and SBP = systolic blood pressure. Blood flow throughout the circulatory system follows pressure gradients. By the time blood reaches the right…
The Coronary Vascular System and Associated Medical Devices
Fig. 8.1 The supply and drainage configuration of the coronary arterial and venous systems [28]. Reproduced with permission of Springer in the format Educational/Instructional Program via Copyright Clearance Center Fig….
Cardiac Septal Defects: Treatment via the Amplatzer® Family of Devices
Fig. 37.1 Amplatzer Septal Occluder device. (A) Right atrial angiogram performed after deployment of the device in a secundum atrial septal defect, but before release. The right atrial disc is…
