Gender Considerations in Peripheral Vascular Disease
Degree of stenosis (%) ICA PSV (cm/s) Plaque estimate (%) ICA/CCA PSV ratio Diagnostic accuracy (%) Normal <125 None <2.0 <50 <125 <50 <2.0 90 50–69 125–230 ≥50 2.0–4.0 40…
Classification of Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women
Fig. 2.1 The lifetime risk of hard coronary disease events, excluding angina pectoris (i.e., coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction and coronary death) for men and women aged 40–60 years (Reprinted from…
Women with Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Females Males Patent ductus arteriosus Transposition of the great arteries Secundum atrial septal defect Aortic valve stenosis Ebstein’s malformation Bicuspid aortic valve disease Atrioventricular septal defect Coarctation of the aorta…
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, Valvular, and Advanced Heart Failure Surgeries in Women
Fig. 7.1 Percentage of women and men in the different age groups undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (Reprinted from [5]; with permission from Elsevier) Fig. 7.2 Relative mortality of women…
A Holistic Integrative Medicine Approach to Cardiovascular Disease
Hanna Z. Mieszczanska and Gladys P. Velarde (eds.)Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women201410.1007/978-1-4471-5517-1_18 © Springer-Verlag London 2014 18. A Holistic Integrative Medicine Approach to Cardiovascular Disease Mimi Guarneri1 (1) UCSD School of Medicine, Scripps Center for…
Atrial Septal Defect
Fig. 24.1 Typical crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur of an ASD Grade 1 crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur. Fixed, split S2 heard at the RUSB. An S3 gallop was noted at the lower left…
Mitral Regurgitation
Fig. 9.1 Auscultation Findings of Patient Case. This figure illustrates auscultation findings of a 85-year-old male who presented with chest tightness and new systolic murmur. It demonstrates the classic findings…
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Fig. 26.1 Schematic of the PDA murmur. Between S1 and S2, the murmur gradually becomes more audible. In contrast, between S2 and S1, the murmur gradually becomes less audible. These…
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Fig. 8.1 Depiction of auscultation findings for HCM Test Results Echo. Echocardiogram (Fig. 8.2) shows an enlarged interventricular septum and LVOT obstruction during systole (arrow) in a patient with HCM….
Tricuspid Valve: Tricuspid Regurgitation
Fig. 17.1 Case tricuspid regurgitation auscultation diagram. Auscultation demonstrated a holosystolic murmur with a normal S2 heard at the lower left sternal border The liver is non-pulsatile. Test Results Electrocardiogram…
