Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary atresia

Apr 21, 2026 by in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off on Ventricular septal defect with pulmonary atresia
Definition The combination of pulmonary atresia (PA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an extremely heterogeneous cardiopulmonary malformation. The intracardiac anatomy usually consists of an outlet VSD, while the pulmonary…
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