Key Points • Increased levels of physical activity and exercise are associated with increased longevity and a decrease in cardiovascular disease risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. • By adding…
Key Points • Global risk assessment approaches for coronary heart disease, such as Framingham risk scores, underestimate long-term risks, especially in young men and postmenopausal women with multiple risk factors….
Key Points • The incidence and prevalence of most cardiovascular diseases increase with advancing age. • Age is the dominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but age has traditionally been…
Key Points • The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that even in the absence of diabetes precedes development of cardiovascular disease. • Visceral obesity and ensuing insulin…
Key Points • Screening involves the routine testing of asymptomatic individuals for the purpose of detecting the presence of a condition or a disease. The ultimate goal of screening is…
Key Points • Obesity is the leading public health crisis of our time. It is a primary target to reduce an avoidable disease burden in the United States. • Obesity…
Key Points • Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) with B-mode ultrasound is a noninvasive, sensitive, and highly reproducible technique for identifying and quantifying arterial injury and cardiovascular disease risk….
Key Points • The smoking of tobacco products increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. • The continued smoking of tobacco products in…
Key Points • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the United States. • Women receive fewer preventive recommendations, such as lipid-lowering therapy, aspirin, and lifestyle…
Key Points • When TG levels are between 200 and 800 mg/dL, TG-rich particles are associated with the presence of small dense LDL, low levels of HDL-C, insulin resistance, and metabolic…
