INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The physical signs of cyanosis and decreased oxygen saturation are usually the result of hypoxemia, and can be found in newborn infants with a variety of…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Although prenatal detection of congenital heart defects (CHDs) is attempted during routine fetal ultrasonography, it is estimated that, at present, only 36% of CHDs are detected…
PRENATAL DETECTION OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Print Section Listen Current Status Most infants born with serious congenital heart disease undergo rapid evaluation and life-saving treatment. Most fetuses with significant cardiac…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The measurement of blood flow through any vascular structure using ultrasound requires two basic pieces of information: the velocity of blood flow and the cross-sectional area…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Pulmonary hypertension exists as a pathologic finding in newborn infants in several clinical settings. In the early newborn period, the syndrome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In the previous chapter, methods of estimation of cardiac output and organ blood flow indices were discussed. These are essential components of the echocardiographic assessment of…
SECTION 1: ANEURYSM OF DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Print Section Listen Introduction Current echocardiographic imaging demonstrates aneurysmal dilation of the ductus arteriosus in more than 8% of full-term newborns.1,2 An aneurysm of…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In this chapter, the impact of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) will be discussed in the clinical setting of a neonate with an otherwise structurally normal…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Shock is a pathophysiologic state characterized by poor tissue perfusion, resulting in a decrease in oxygen delivery that leads to tissue hypoxemia. If circulatory compromise is…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen A patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent ductus venosus are the three vital fetal channels that ensure a normal fetal circulation. Right-to-left shunting through…
