Trial Inclusion criteria Treatment groups (n) Results Secondary prevention Antiarrhythmics versus implantable defibrillators (AVID) (1997) [5] Patients with VF arrest, sustained VT Mean follow-up: 8.2 ± 12.2 months Empiric amiodarone (356), randomized…
Fig. 19.1 (a) Sinus tachycardia with poor R-wave progression in the precordial leads, suggesting old anterior myocardial infarction. There is ST depression in the leads I, II, III, aVF, and…
Fig. 54.1 Natural history in untreated severe AS The four key features of the physical exam include palpation of carotid upstroke, auscultation of the systolic murmur, assessment of the splitting…
Fig. 48.1 Mechanisms of proarrhythmia in comparison with normal cardiac action potentials illustrated, with alterations in the cardiac action potential noted by a dotted line. (a) Normal cardiac action potential,…
Ion Inside (mM) Outside (mM) Na+ 20 145 K+ 150 4 Ca2+ 0.0001 2.5 Cl− 25 140 To understand how concentration gradients of ions across a cell membrane affect membrane…
Fig. 56.1 Anatomy and surgical perspective of the tricuspid valve complex. The tricuspid valve consists of three leaflets: anterior (A), posterior (P), and septal (S). There are two main papillary…
Fig. 24.1 Drug-eluting stent structure composed of a metallic stent, a polymer-based drug delivery platform, and a pharmacologic agent. Various available platforms, polymers, and drug agents are described 24.2 DES…
Age category (years) 1988–1991 (%) 1999–2000 (%) 8–17 7.3a 9.7b 18–39 5.1 7.2 40–59 27 30.1 >60 57–9 65.4 From Refs. [2] and [3] aThese data were obtained from 1988…
5-HT2 subtype Distribution/function CNS Periphery Drug-induced hallucinogenic responses Liver, renal mesangium mitogenesis vasoactive (pulmonary/coronary vessels) Anxiety, behaviour, locomotion Adipocyte differentiation, platelet aggregation, enteric neurotransmitter Motor behaviour, anxiety, cerebrovascular tone Drug-induced…
Fig. 51.1 Left atrial appendage histology slide depicting thin wall between pectinate ridges. The LAA is a very thin-walled structure as depicted here; the tissue between the pectinate ridges is…
