Cardiac Medications 18.1 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Nejm 2000;342:210; 1999;341:577 Drugs of this type: Benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril),…
Prevention and Assessment 17.1 Prevention of CAD See also ASHD. Circ 1999;100:988 Risk Assessment See Table 17.1 and Figures 17.1 and 17.2 for assessment. Smoking Compared with other preventive interventions,…
Heart Disease in Women 16.1 Coronary Artery Disease Nejm 1996;334:1311 Despite its limited prognostic value, chest pain is the most common initial manifestation of ASHD in women. The risk of…
Congenital Heart Disease in Adults 15.1 Atrial Septal Defect Nejm 2000;342:256 Cause: ASD: 75% ostium secundum defects (fossa ovalis); 15% ostium primum defects (lower intra-atrial septum); 10% sinus venosus defects…
Aortic and Peripheral Vascular Disease 14.1 Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Circ 2005;111:816; Nejm 2003;348:1895; 1993;328:1167 Cause: Thoracic aortic aneurysms result from cystic medial degeneration and are seen in Marfan…
Pulmonary Vascular Disease 13.1 Pulmonary Embolus Lancet 2004;363:1295; Circ 2003;108:2726,2834 Cause: Thrombi from deep veins of the legs, pelvis, or arms embolize to the pulmonary arteries, producing pulmonary arterial obstruction…
Hypertension 11.1 Systemic Hypertension in Adults Circ 2004;109:2953,3081; HT 2003;42:1206; Lancet 2003;362:1527; NIH Publications 03-5233, 98-4080 Cause: 15-18% of adults in the U.S. are hypertensive. Essential HT represents 90-94% of…
Myocarditis, Pericardial Disease, and Cardiac Tumors 10.1 Acute Pericarditis Nejm 2004;351;2195; Lancet 2004;363:717; Jama 2003;289:1150 Cause: Multiple; idiopathic most common in young adults, but causes include Infections: Coxsackie A or…
The Cardiomyopathies 9.1 Dilated Cardiomyopathy Nejm 1994;331:1564 Cause: Dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by dilatation and impaired contraction of LV or both ventricles; may be idiopathic, familial/genetic, viral, immune, alcoholic, or toxic…
