Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Abstract Improved survival of very immature infants has contributed to an increase in the number of those who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD is a chronic lung disease that occurs…
Drug Administration by Inhalation in Children
Abstract There are many and varied devices currently approved for the administration of inhaled treatments for use in different parts of the world. Well-developed national and local guidelines and training…
Exercise and Lung Function in Child Health and Disease
Abstract Exercise in children is not merely play; rather, it is a critical environmental and physiological perturbation that has a profound effect on growth and development in health and disease….
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Respiratory Disease
Abstract This chapter discusses the transgenerational, antenatal, and early childhood factors that affect lung development across the life course. The consequences of these adverse influences may be direct, or secondary…
Pulmonary Function Tests in Infants and Children
Abstract Lung function testing in early life can provide information on lung growth and development and can help clinicians in the decision making process. However, the techniques available in infants…
Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care
Abstract Children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease become adults with chronic respiratory disease. As a result of ongoing improvements in health care, this is now increasingly the norm rather…
Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Research and Clinical Practice
Abstract Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are instruments that evaluate daily functioning and health outcomes from the patient’s perspective. If developed using standardized procedures (FDA Guidance, 2009), they can be used as…
Lung Defenses: Intrinsic, Innate, and Adaptive
Abstract Pediatric pulmonologists are frequently consulted on the child with “too many” respiratory infections. Considering the volume of air, particulates, chemicals, and potential airborne pathogens inspired with each breath, the…
Biology and Assessment of Airway Inflammation
Abstract The nature and development airway inflammation may be driven by numerous factors, including pathogenic infections, pollution, or even relatively innocuous inhaled particles, such as allergens. A robust inflammatory response…
Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Pediatric Patients
Abstract Bronchoscopy is a powerful (and often underutilized) tool for the diagnosis and management of airway and pulmonary problems in infants and children. Both rigid and flexible instruments are available…
