Fig. 5.1 Radiograph of flail chest with underlying lung contusion (indicated by arrow) Lung ultrasound: Many of the injuries resulting from thoracic trauma are better demarcated by ultrasonography than on…
Fig. 3.1 The normal mechanics of respiration. As the (intact) chest wall expands outward under the influence of the respiratory muscles (including the intercostal muscles), the diaphragm contracts and lowers,…
Fig. 16.1 Table showing levels of evidence (I–V) for a primary research question The failure to incorporate evidence, via EBM or otherwise, has led to the adoption of new technologies…
Fig. 13.1 Chest tube collecting system—contemporary chest tube collecting systems reproduce the traditional “three-bottle system”. The first compartment collects fluid drained from the pleural space. Air then passes to the…
Fig. 7.1 (a) A patient with a severe chest wall injury with a number of indications for surgery including severe deformity with a flail segment, inability to wean from a…
Author Year of publication Location Implant Study design N: op; nonop patients Timing of operation Outcome Findings (op vs. nonop) Ahmed and Mohyuddin 1995 United Arab Emirates K-wire Retrospective cohort…
