Thoracic Key

Fig. 4.1 Formation of QRS vector loop. (a) Divide the ventricular depolarization into nine parts, record the amplitude and direction of the instantaneous complex vector; (b) Draw a line to…

Fig. 2.1 Cause of the morphology of sinus P wave [Characteristics of Electrocardiogram of the Normal Sinus P Wave] 1. P wave in sinus rhythm appears small, rounded, and upright…

Fig. 5.1 ST segment changes in superacute phase Acute Phase (Hours/Days to Weeks) [ECG Recognition] 1. Inverted T wave   2. ST elevation with obliquely straight morphology/convex   3. Pathological…

Fig. 1.1 Normal ECG First, you will find that there are a lot of square boxes. Second, you will find that there are many confusing waves. Finally, you may also…

Heart rate (bpm) <70 71~90 91~110 111~130 >130 Age (years) ≥18 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 Age (years) 14~17 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 Age (years) 7~13 0.18 0.17 0.16…

Fig. 6.1 Normal T wave Above all, when analyzing T wave, the judgment should be based on the patients’ history and clinical manifestation, not only the ECG, because various factors…

Fig. 7.1 Prolonged Q-T interval 7.2 Hyperkalemia [ECG Recognition] 1. Mild hyperkalemia: when the serum potassium level is approximately between 5.7 and 6.5 mmol/L, P wave widens; tall, peaked, narrow-based,…