Lipid Disorders Mohamad Alkhouli, MDHarish Jarrett, MBChBSara Sirna, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Elevated plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein (apo) B-100. Reduced plasma…
Systemic Hypertension Wanpen Vongpatanasin, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Prehypertension: systolic pressure of 120–139 mm Hg or diastolic pressure of 80–89 mm Hg. Stage 1 hypertension: systolic pressure of 140–159…
Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Michael H. Crawford, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Typical exertional angina pectoris or its equivalents. Objective evidence of myocardial ischemia by electrocardiography, myocardial imaging, or myocardial…
Unstable Angina/Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Kuang-YuhChyu, MD, PhD Prediman K. Shah, MD General Considerations A. Background Unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (USA/NSTEMI) are a part of the wide…
Antiplatelet Therapy Ashvarya Mangla, MDSaurabh Gupta, MD General Considerations Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaques can acutely rupture, exposing a necrotic core that sets off the…
Evaluation & Treatment of the Perioperative Patient Sanjiv J. Shah, MDMichael H. Crawford, MD The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and the death rate associated with it rise sharply after age…
Approach to Cardiac Disease Diagnosis Michael H. Crawford, MD General Considerations The patient’s history is a critical feature in the evaluation of suspected or overt heart disease. It includes information…
