Heart and Lung Transplantation
Abstract Heart and lung transplantation in pediatric patients generally arise as treatment options of last resort, that is, the indication is for patients with heart and/or respiratory failure from various…
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome constitutes a spectrum of morphologic abnormalities characterized by underdevelopment of left-sided cardiac structures. A comprehensive understanding of their unique anatomy and single-ventricle physiology is essential…
Tricuspid Atresia
Abstract Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a type of cyanotic congenital heart defect (CCHD) characterized by complete obstruction of the atrioventricular valve associated with the morphologic right ventricle. It is an…
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction
Abstract Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) is a complex congenital cardiac defect that interferes with the ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta. LVOTO is…
Congenitally Corrected Transposition
Abstract Congenitally corrected transposition is a rare condition characterized by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. This creates a physiologically “corrected” circulation but leaves the morphologic right ventricle (mRV) in the systemic…
Arrhythmia Surgery
Abstract Arrhythmias remain one of the leading causes of death for adults with congenital heart disease. Although catheter ablation is often successful in this population, patients with complex arrhythmia mechanisms…
Ebstein Anomaly
Abstract Ebstein anomaly is a rare congenital disorder of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular myocardium. The presentation depends on the severity of the disorder and can range from severe…
Pediatric Heart Failure and Pediatric Cardiomyopathies
Abstract Heart failure in children occurs with a heterogenous group of congenital and acquired diseases. Systolic ventricular dysfunction is the most common cause of pediatric heart failure; however, primary diastolic…
Atrial Septal Defects
Abstract Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are a group of anatomic abnormalities that result in shunting of blood between the atria. ASD is the second most common congenital heart lesion after…
Pulmonary Hypertension
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension is a formidable challenge to the care of children with congenital heart disease, with a burgeoning incidence in the perioperative period. Awareness of this problem, prospective clinical…
