Right Heart
Right Ventricular Anatomy Judy R. Mangion, MD Scott D. Solomon, MD Historically, the echocardiographic assessment of diseases affecting the right ventricle (RV) has lagged behind that of the left ventricle, despite knowledge…
Miscellaneous Topics in Echocardiography
Appropriate Use Criteria R. Parker Ward, MD What are appropriate use criteria? For the explanation of appropriate use criteria (AUC), please see Chapter 65 . What led to the development of…
Echocardiography in the Emergency Department
Echocardiography in Emergency Clinical Presentation J. Todd Belcik, RCS, RDCS Jonathan R. Lindner, MD Comprehensive two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, contrast echocardiography, and brief handheld echocardiographic imaging are all playing an increasing role…
Prosthetic Valves
Prosthetic Valves: Introduction William A. Zoghbi, MD, MACC Valvular disease remains prevalent around the world. Despite advancement in valve repair techniques, valve replacement is still common in the adult patient. Although…
Infective Endocarditis
Introduction and Echocardiographic Features of Infective Endocarditis Moses Mathur, MD, MSc Susan Wiegers, MD Infective endocarditis (IE) is a microbial infection of the endocardium or associated implanted intracardiac materials. Chamber walls, conduits,…
Diastolic Function
Physiology of Diastole Sherif F. Nagueh, MD Left ventricular (LV) diastole begins with the closure of the aortic valve (AV), which ushers the drop in LV pressure. The time interval between…
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis: Introduction Itzhak Kronzon, MD Roberto M. Lang, MD Muhamed Saric, MD, PhD The earliest description of mitral valve stenosis came from French and British anatomists who reported postmortem findings around the…
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Natural History of Tricuspid Regurgitation Luigi P. Badano, MD, PhD Karima Addetia, MD Denisa Muraru, MD, PhD With respect to heart valve diseases, until recently tricuspid valve regurgitation has received…
Mitral Regurgitation
Introduction to Mitral Regurgitation Robert A. Levine, MD Echocardiography has provided the Rosetta stone for deciphering previously unknown dynamic mechanisms that are so critical to understanding pathophysiology, assessing prognosis, and guiding…
Transesophageal Echocardiography
Protocol, Probe Insertion and Manipulation, Risks and Complications Elyse Foster, MD Atif N. Qasim, MD Protocol The following is a general protocol that describes all of the steps for performing transesophageal echocardiography…
