10.1055/b-0035-121518 23 Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement 23.1 Overview of Syndromic Diseases with Cardiac Involvement An overview of the most common syndromic diseases associated with congenital heart defects is presented…
10.1055/b-0035-121517 22 Eisenmenger Syndrome 22.1.1 Basics Synonym: Eisenmenger reaction Definition The Eisenmenger syndrome is a secondary form of pulmonary hypertension, in which, due to a heart defect with an originally…
10.1055/b-0035-121516 21 Pulmonary Hypertension 21.1.1 Basics Definition Pulmonary hypertension is present when the mean pulmonary artery pressure is greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 30 mmHg during…
10.1055/b-0035-121515 20 Arterial Hypertension 20.1.1 Basics Definition Arterial hypertension is defined as an increase in systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure over the gender-specific 95th percentile for the age or size…
10.1055/b-0035-121514 19 Heart Failure 19.1.1 Basics Definition Heart failure is defined as the inability of the heart to pump sufficient cardiac output to meet the metabolic needs of the body…
10.1055/b-0035-121511 16 Acquired Cardiac Diseases 16.1 Myocarditis 16.1.1 Basics Synonym: inflammatory cardiomyopathy Definition Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that can have greatly varying clinically courses and a…
10.1055/b-0035-121503 8 Cardiac Catheterization 8.1 Basics Today, only very few purely diagnostic cardiac catheterizations are performed, as the anatomical situation for most heart defects can be visualized very precisely using…
10.1055/b-0035-121498 3 Echocardiography 3.1 Transthoracic Echocardiography 3.1.1 Basics Two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography is the most important noninvasive imaging procedure in pediatric cardiology. It provides cross-sectional images of the heart and great…
10.1055/b-0035-121509 14 Syncope 14.1 Basics Definition Syncope is the sudden, temporary loss of consciousness as a result of cerebral hypoperfusion associated with loss of muscular tone. Recovery is spontaneous. Unconsciousness…
10.1055/b-0035-121508 13 Palpitations 13.1 Basics Definition Palpitations are defined as the unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeat. Palpitations are often described by patients as pounding or skipping a beat. The…
