Interstage Management
Introduction Several fundamentals of perioperative care for shunt-dependent dual-distribution circulation (see Chapter 70 ) extend to transitional care from the intensive care unit and throughout the interstage period in an…
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Key WordsCommon atrioventricular junction, trifoliate left atrioventricular valve, ostium primum defect, surgical correction, Down syndrome There is a group of lesions unified by the anatomic hallmark of a common…
Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease
Chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the persistence of valvar dysfunction following an episode of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) or ARF recurrence. Once the inflammatory markers normalize, any persistent valve…
Chronic Heart Failure: Physiology and Treatment
Introduction Chronic heart failure has long been recognized as a cause of considerable mortality and morbidity in adults. The early recognition of heart failure in the 17th and 18th centuries…
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension Pulmonary hypertension describes a number of different diseases involving the pulmonary vasculature, which have common hemodynamic, histologic, and therapeutic features. The hallmark of these diseases is an abnormally…
Chronic Mechanical Circulatory Support
Introduction The use of long-term mechanical circulatory support (MCS), predominately in the form of ventricular assist devices (VADs), has undergone a major transformation in the past 15 years. In the…
Neurodevelopmental and Psychosocial Outcomes in Children and Young Adults With Complex Congenital Cardiac Disease
Introduction Prior to the early 1980s, it was uncommon for children with complex congenital heart disease (cCHD) to survive into later childhood. The nearly simultaneous advances in congenital heart surgery,…
Myocarditis
This chapter discusses inflammatory diseases of the heart, excluding rheumatic fever (see Chapters 55 and 56 ), Kawasaki disease (see Chapter 54 ), pericarditis (see Chapter 58 ), and infectious…
Acute Circulatory Failure: Pharmacologic and Mechanical Support
Background Acute circulatory failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by inadequate effective blood flow and reduced tissue perfusion with decreased delivery of oxygen to the capillaries. The reduction in oxygen…
Introduction: The “Fontan Pathway”
Gil Wernovsky James S. Tweddell In the late 1960s, two surgical teams (one led by François Fontan in Bordeaux, France, the other by Guillermo Kreutzer in São Paolo, Brazil) concurrently introduced what…
