Alveolar Ventilation
Objectives 1. Understand the composition of gases from ambient air to the alveoli. 2. Describe the alveolar air equation and its use. 3. Define the alveolar carbon dioxide equation and…
RESPIRATORY
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
Objectives 1. Explain diffusion limitation and perfusion limitation and their importance in gas exchange 2. Apply Fick’s law to the alveolar–capillary surface. 3. Describe the diffusion of oxygen and carbon…
Ventilation ( V˙V˙ V ˙ ), Perfusion ( Q˙Q˙ Q ˙ ), and Their Relationships
Objectives 1. Describe the significance of a normal ventilation/perfusion ratio ( <SPAN role=presentation tabIndex=0 id=MathJax-Element-5-Frame class=MathJax style="POSITION: relative" data-mathml='V˙/Q˙’>V˙/Q˙˙V/˙Q V˙/Q˙ ˙V/˙Q V ˙ / Q ˙ ). 2. Characterize the…
Tests of Lung Function
Objectives 1. Describe lung volumes and their measurement using three methods. 2. Discuss the uses of spirometry in clinical practice. 3. Define the effort-dependent and effort-independent portions of the flow…
The Pulmonary Circulation
Objectives 1. Describe the anatomy, function, physiology, and regulation of the two circulations in the lung. 2. Describe the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. 3. Explain pulmonary vascular resistance in…
Mechanical Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall
Objectives 1. Describe static lung mechanics and the measurement of lung volumes. 2. Define lung compliance and its measurement. 3. Relate lung and chest wall compliance to lung volumes. 4….
Dynamic Lung Mechanics
Objectives 1. Describe how a pressure gradient is created. 2. Define airway resistance and its measurement. 3. Discuss three factors that contribute to or regulate airway resistance in health and…
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract Caused by Trauma
Abstract Thoracic trauma, although rare in children, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Most are sustained due to blunt mechanisms, with motor vehicle accidents being most common. Due to…
Tumors of the Chest
Abstract Tumors of the chest in the pediatric population represent a large collection of pathologies. They can differ in location from the chest wall, to the mediastinum, to the lung…
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Apparent Life-Threatening Events
Abstract When infants die suddenly and unexpectedly, the causes can be effectively considered using a triple risk model of individual infant susceptibility, developmental vulnerability, and environmental stressors. Sleep practices, particularly…