Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care
Abstract Children and adolescents with chronic respiratory disease become adults with chronic respiratory disease. As a result of ongoing improvements in health care, this is now increasingly the norm rather…
RESPIRATORY
Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes Into Research and Clinical Practice
Abstract Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are instruments that evaluate daily functioning and health outcomes from the patient’s perspective. If developed using standardized procedures (FDA Guidance, 2009), they can be used as…
Lung Defenses: Intrinsic, Innate, and Adaptive
Abstract Pediatric pulmonologists are frequently consulted on the child with “too many” respiratory infections. Considering the volume of air, particulates, chemicals, and potential airborne pathogens inspired with each breath, the…
Biology and Assessment of Airway Inflammation
Abstract The nature and development airway inflammation may be driven by numerous factors, including pathogenic infections, pollution, or even relatively innocuous inhaled particles, such as allergens. A robust inflammatory response…
Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Pediatric Patients
Abstract Bronchoscopy is a powerful (and often underutilized) tool for the diagnosis and management of airway and pulmonary problems in infants and children. Both rigid and flexible instruments are available…
The Structural and Physiologic Basis of Respiratory Disease
Abstract Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children outlines the congenital abnormalities and diseases that affect the respiratory health of children. A thorough understanding of the structure, function, and development…
The Surfactant System
Abstract Pulmonary surfactant is a complex substance with multiple functions in the microenvironments of the alveoli and small airways. The traditional functions of surfactant are biophysical activities to keep the…
Environmental Contributions to Respiratory Disease in Children
Abstract Progress towards meeting the eight United Nations Millennium Development Goals has been accompanied by a substantial change in the global pattern of disease, with a significant shift towards chronic…
Basic Genetics and Epigenetics of Childhood Lung Disease
Abstract Childhood disease results from the interplay of genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. The rapid development of DNA technologies has unmasked the genetic diversity of individuals, almost all of which…
The History and Physical Examination
Abstract The history and physical examination in pediatric respiratory medicine remain our most important tools in the evaluation of children presenting with respiratory problems. They guide our differential diagnosis, clinical…
