Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury, characterized by acute pulmonary infiltrates, abnormal respiratory system compliance, and moderate to severe hypoxemia. The…
Abstract Pulmonary fungal infections can be caused by endemic or opportunistic fungi. The endemic mycoses are known for their ability to cause disease in otherwise healthy children as well as…
Abstract Pertussis or whooping cough is an acute bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, caused by Bordetella pertussis and, less frequently, by B. parapertussis . It occurs worldwide, affects all…
Abstract Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major health problem, accounting for approximately 20% of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. Viruses are, by far, the most common cause…
Abstract This chapter discusses the common and potentially serious infective causes of acute upper airway obstruction in children. The laryngeal anatomy of young children makes them particularly susceptible to upper…
Abstract In this era of rapid globalization and frequent travel, emerging viral infections have gained an immense potential to spread at an unprecedented speed and scale compared with the past….
Abstract Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease has been increasing worldwide in the general population and also among specific vulnerable disease groups. In this chapter, the microbiology, epidemiology, routes of transmission, clinical manifestations,…
Abstract Acute viral bronchiolitis is a common viral lower respiratory tract infection in young children. Most typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus in 70% of cases, the condition lasts for…
Abstract A wide variety of microorganisms are potential respiratory pathogens, and the spectrum of known pathogens for each respiratory infection syndrome has not changed markers over recent years. Detection of…
