Environmental Exposures and Cardiovascular Disease Ahmed Ibrahim Richard A. Lange INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are largely preventable but may have increased globally because of a mismatch between slowly adapting human…

Dysautonomia Salvatore Savona Ralph Augostini INTRODUCTION The autonomic nervous system is essential for maintaining homeostasis and impacts nearly all organ systems. Dysautonomia can present in a myriad of diseases and…

Cardiac Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Timir K. Paul Sukhdeep Bhogal INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the mid-1990s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed into…

Cardiac Tumors Avirup Guha Abdallah Mughrabi Zeeshan Hussain INTRODUCTION Cardiac masses are rare but critical entities that may involve the endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, and/or pericardium. These include benign tumors, malignant…

Cardio-Oncology Courtney M. Campbell Ajay Vallakati Daniel Addison Ragavendra R. Baliga INTRODUCTION Cardio-oncology is an emerging discipline that encompasses the cardiovascular care of the oncology patient.1,2,3,4,5 The discipline also includes…

Cardiac Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery Hugo Quinny Cheng INTRODUCTION Epidemiology The annual worldwide surgical volume may exceed 300 million cases.1 Because intraoperative techniques and postoperative care and monitoring have improved,…

Cardiac Trauma Debabrata Mukherjee INTRODUCTION Trauma is the leading cause of death among Americans between the ages of 1 and 46 years, according to the Coalition for National Trauma Research1,2…

Substance Abuse and the Heart Janet Ma Isac C. Thomas INTRODUCTION Substance abuse is a growing public health concern. In 2017, an estimated 271 million individuals worldwide abused a substance,…

Cardiac Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Toniya Singh Ijeoma Isiadinso Gina P. Lundberg Nidhi Madan INTRODUCTION The cardiovascular (CV) system is a common target for systemic diseases. Effects can range from…