CARDIOLOGY
Mitral Valve Anomalies
What anomalies involve the mitral valve? Our database of cardiac pathologic conditions provides an answer that is summarized in Table 14.1 . TABLE 14.1 Mitral Valve Anomalies Mitral Valve Anomalies…
Understanding Normally and Abnormally Related Great Arteries
Equations, Apoptosis, Switches, Rotations, and Synergy Basic Principles 1. When the situs (pattern of anatomic organization) of the subarterial infundibulum and the situs of the great arteries are the same…
The Heterotaxy Syndromes: Asplenia, Polysplenia, and With Normally Formed but Right-Sided Spleen
What are the Heterotaxy Syndromes? Heterotaxy is derived from two Greek words: heteros, “other,” and taxis, “arrangement.” Hence, heterotaxy is an arrangement of the viscera that is other than normal…
Double-Outlet Left Ventricle
Most pediatric cardiologists and congenital heart surgeons have never seen a patient with double-outlet left ventricle (DOLV). It is that rare. How rare is that? Well, in our cardiac pathology…
The Cardiac Conduction System
The Sinoatrial Node The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the pacemaker of the human heart ( Fig. 28.1 ). In visceroatrial situs solitus, the normal pattern of anatomic organization of the…
What Prevents and What Permits the Embryonic Great Arterial Switch?
Basic Principles 1. When the situs (or pattern of anatomic organization) of the subarterial infundibulum and the situs of the great arteries are the same (concordant), the great arteries are…
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) is what Vierordt called partial transposition of the great arteries (TGA) in 1898, meaning that only the aorta was transposed from the left ventricle (LV) to…
