CARDIAC SURGERY

Hypothermia, circulatory arrest, and cardiopulmonary bypass

Apr 21, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off

Section I: Hypothermic circulatory arrest Historical note In 1950, Bigelow and colleagues, in their publications on experimental hypothermia produced by surface cooling, introduced the concept that whole-body hypothermia may be…

Myocardial management during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Apr 21, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off

Introduction Management of myocardial protection is one of the very important cornerstones of a successful outcome of cardiac surgery, and it is influenced by and interacts with several other stages…

Anatomy and dimensions

Apr 21, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off

This chapter describes normal cardiac and great artery anatomy and dimensions, and the terminology typically employed. Cardiac chambers and major vessels Accurate description and diagnosis of acquired heart disease and…

Cardiac reoperations: Considerations and techniques

Apr 21, 2026 by drzezo in CARDIAC SURGERY Comments Off

Median sternotomy is the most frequently performed incision in cardiac surgery. It allows excellent exposure and access but also immediate control of all cardiac and vascular structures for most of…