TERMINOLOGY ▪ Cervical mediastinoscopy ▪ Extended cervical mediastinoscopy ▪ Anterior mediastinotomy (Chamberlain procedure) DEFINITION Cervical mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows exploration of the superior mediastinum and allows for…
DEFINITION Bronchoscopy is the examination of the upper and lower airways. Procedures are performed using either a flexible or a rigid bronchoscope. Rigid bronchoscopes are a rigid stainless steel tube…
INTRODUCTION As with most surgical specialties, thoracic surgery has embraced the use of minimally invasive surgery. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is not a specific procedure. It simply means the use…
The anesthetic considerations for thoracic surgery that are required to provide a safe operating room outcome are (1) understanding the patient’s anatomy and pathophysiology, (2) understanding the effects of general…
RATIONALE ▪ Provide a rational basis for discussing risks and outcomes with patients. ▪ Help with issues surrounding informed consent. ▪ Assist in patient selection for major surgery. ▪ Enable…
Introduction The development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation has revolutionized the practice of cardiology over the course of the past decades. However, despite considerable technological advancements, in-stent…
Patent Foramen Ovale Introduction A potential causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke was first described by Cohnheim in 1877. In the last two decades several studies have…
Dr. Kapur has received preclinical research support from Heartware Inc. and CardiacAssist Inc. and has worked as a speaker and consultant for Maquet and Thoratec Inc. Introduction Heart disease remains…
Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of approximately 0.8% or approximately 8 out of every 1000 live births. These defects are derangements secondary to altered embryonic cardiovascular anatomy…
Section I: Mitral Stenosis Introduction Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy To appreciate the complexity of the mitral valve is to understand its intricate anatomical and physiologic properties. The mitral valve can…
