CARDIAC SURGERY
Cardiopulmonary Bypass
5Cardiopulmonary Bypass Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a form of extracorporeal circulation provided by a heart–lung machine that provides systemic perfusion of oxygenated blood during open‐heart surgery. It is utilized for…
Fluid Management, Renal, Metabolic, and Endocrine Problems
12Fluid Management, Renal, Metabolic, and Endocrine Problems Perioperative renal dysfunction is a major determinant of both operative and long‐term mortality following cardiac surgery.1–3 Even patients with mild renal dysfunction prior…
Mediastinal Bleeding
9Mediastinal Bleeding I. Overview The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during cardiac surgical procedures causes a significant disruption of the coagulation system that may contribute to a coagulopathy of varying…
Respiratory Management
10Respiratory Management I. General Comments Virtually all patients undergoing open‐heart surgery will have some element of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction.1 However, in the vast majority of patients, it is well tolerated…
