Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia Justin Hayase Jason S. Bradfield INTRODUCTION Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of sudden cardiac death that is estimated to affect between 230,000 and 350,000 people in…
Supraventricular Tachycardias
Supraventricular Tachycardias Roberto G. Gallotti Kevin M. Shannon Jeremy P. Moore INTRODUCTION Epidemiology and Risk Factors Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a general term that is used to describe any arrhythmia…
Electrophysiology Testing
Electrophysiology Testing Duc H. Do Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION An electrophysiology (EP) test (study) is a minimally invasive procedure where electrode-tipped catheters are placed into the heart to record electrical…
Bradycardias: Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances
Bradycardias: Sinus Node Dysfunction and Atrioventricular Conduction Disturbances Osamu Fujimura† Houman Khakpour †Deceased author. INTRODUCTION Bradycardia is generally defined as a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute (bpm)…
the Electrocardiogram
the Electrocardiogram Duc H. Do Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the main diagnostic tools of the clinician, whether in the clinic, emergency department, or hospital….
Ambulatory Rhythm Monitoring
Ambulatory Rhythm Monitoring Kevin Sung Justin Hayase Jason S. Bradfield INTRODUCTION Ambulatory monitoring is a diagnostic tool performed in the outpatient setting to evaluate symptomatic patients for cardiac arrhythmias, risk…
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Mechanisms of Cardiac Arrhythmias Peter Hanna Kalyanam Shivkumar James N. Weiss INTRODUCTION For several billion heartbeats in a lifetime, electromechanical coupling ensures normal electrical activity, and activates working myocardium to…
Genetics of Arrhythmias
Genetics of Arrhythmias Aadhavi Sridharan Jason S. Bradfield James N. Weiss INTRODUCTION Cardiac arrhythmias comprise a wide spectrum of abnormalities of the heart rhythm; these can be benign, can increase…
Left Atrial Appendage Closure
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Thomas A. Dewland Randall J. Lee INTRODUCTION For decades, clinicians have recognized the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and thromboembolic stroke.1 This risk has traditionally been…
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect
Percutaneous Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defect Ricardo Cigarroa Ignacio Inglessis PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE INTRODUCTION Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is the most common intracardiac shunt encountered…
