Genetics of Cardiomyopathies Gary S. Beasley Hugo Martinez Jeffrey A. Towbin INTRODUCTION Primary cardiomyopathies, which include dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), and left…
Heart Failure: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and Prognosis Justin Ezekowitz INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem affecting up to 2% of the population and ˜10% of elderly individuals…
Lead Extraction Munish Kannabhiran Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY The use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased dramatically over the last few decades, with almost 1.2 to…
Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers Carlos Macias INTRODUCTION The history of cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs), and specifically cardiac pacemakers indicated for the management of bradyarrhythmias, dates back 60 years to the…
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Yuliya Krokhaleva Marmar Vaseghi INTRODUCTION Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is defined as the cessation of all mechanical activity of the heart resulting in the absence of circulation…
Catheter Ablation Therapy Darshan Krishnappa Kalyanam Shivkumar INTRODUCTION Cardiac rhythm disorders are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality occurring in 2% to 3% of the general population, with the…
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators Jonathan Lerner Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION Since the first implant in 1980, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1985, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) have become the mainstay…
Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter Aron Bender Joseph Hadaya Peyman Benharash Eric Buch Richard J. Shemin INTRODUCTION Epidemiology Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia encountered clinically, and is a…
Antiarrhythmic Drugs Aadhavi Sridharan Noel G. Boyle INTRODUCTION Antiarrhythmic drugs are pharmacologic agents that primarily affect specific ion channel activity, thereby altering membrane conductance and ultimately the cardiac action potential….
