Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in Clinical Practice Miguel Cainzos-Achirica Karan Kapoor Tanuja Rajan Roger S. Blumenthal INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and…
Chest Wall Infections Following Open Heart Surgery Michael A. Wait INTRODUCTION Epidemiology The majority of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valvular repair or replacement operations are performed through a…
Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis Marcio Sommer Bittencourt Giuliano Generoso Raul D. Santos INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis, a term proposed by Marchand in 19041 as an update from arteriosclerosis used by Lobstein in 1829,2…
Surgical Approaches for Common Congenital Heart Diseases Timothy J. Pirolli Ryan R. Davies Camille L. Hancock Friesen Robert D. B. Jaquiss INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Congenital malformations of the cardiovascular system…
Transplantation and Long-Term Implantable Mechanical Circulatory Support Ryan J. Vela Matthias Peltz INTRODUCTION Over 250,000 patients suffer from advanced heart failure (HF) in the United States.1 These patients are either…
Carotid Artery Revascularization Fatemeh Malekpour Gerardo Gonzalez-Guardiola Sooyeon Kim Melissa L. Kirkwood INTRODUCTION Although the stroke rate among the aging U.S. population has declined over the last decade, stroke remains…
Peripheral Arterial Surgery Michael C. Siah Gerardo Gonzalez-Guardiola Khalil Chamseddin James A. Walker Melissa L. Kirkwood INTRODUCTION Epidemiology Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the chronic manifestation of atherosclerosis in the…
Thoracic Aortic Surgery Yuki Ikeno Akiko Tanaka Anthony L. Estrera INTRODUCTION The aorta is the conduit that carries almost 200 million L of blood to the body in a lifetime….
Mitral Valve Surgery: A Pathoanatomic Approach Vinay Badhwar Jahnavi Kakuturu Chris C. Cook INTRODUCTION The most prevalent adult valvular heart disease is mitral valve (MV) disease, and its most common…
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Michael E. Jessen HISTORY/BACKGROUND Coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical technique used to improve myocardial blood supply by creating vascular conduits that allow blood…
