INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Pulmonary hypertension exists as a pathologic finding in newborn infants in several clinical settings. In the early newborn period, the syndrome of persistent pulmonary hypertension of…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In the previous chapter, methods of estimation of cardiac output and organ blood flow indices were discussed. These are essential components of the echocardiographic assessment of…
SECTION 1: ANEURYSM OF DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS Print Section Listen Introduction Current echocardiographic imaging demonstrates aneurysmal dilation of the ductus arteriosus in more than 8% of full-term newborns.1,2 An aneurysm of…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen In this chapter, the impact of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) will be discussed in the clinical setting of a neonate with an otherwise structurally normal…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Shock is a pathophysiologic state characterized by poor tissue perfusion, resulting in a decrease in oxygen delivery that leads to tissue hypoxemia. If circulatory compromise is…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen A patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus, and patent ductus venosus are the three vital fetal channels that ensure a normal fetal circulation. Right-to-left shunting through…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen This chapter discusses the use of the Doppler principle and the modified Bernoulli equation for the assessment of gradients and regurgitations caused by stenotic or insufficient…
CROSS-SECTIONAL NEONATAL CARDIAC ANATOMY Print Section Listen Cardiac anatomy is often taught on a heart excised from a cadaver, or on heart models that do not reflect the true spatial…
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen This chapter discusses the use of M-mode (movement/motion mode) and its role in neonatal functional echocardiography, as well as common measurements obtained with two-dimensional (2D) imaging….
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Echocardiography utilizes ultrasound to produce images of the heart and vascular structures (using M-mode, two-dimensional [2D], and and three-dimensionall [3D] echocardiography) and to provide information about…
