Economics of Heart Failure
PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 72-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease is admitted with acute pulmonary edema secondary to acute coronary syndrome (confirmed by 12-lead ECG…
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 69-year-old woman was referred to by her local medical practitioner with worsening exertional dyspnea (NYHA III). She found difficulty mobilizing to her mailbox (120…
Stage A Heart Failure: Dyslipidemia
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Print Section Listen Along with proteins and carbohydrates, lipids play an integral role in maintaining cell function and sustaining life. Lipids are a family of water-insoluble organic compounds that…
Athletic Heart Syndrome
PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 24-year-old male rower was referred to the cardiologist office for palpitations. He described palpitations that occurred after exercise and denied any lightheadedness or syncope….
Genetic Testing for Cardiomyopathy
PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 36-year-old Caucasian woman was referred to the Cardiovascular Genetic and Genomic Medicine Clinic for genetic evaluation due to her diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy…
Hypertensive Heart Disease
PATIENT CASE Print Section Listen A 52-year-old Caucasian man presents for an annual physical examinaion. He complains of fatigue and daytime sleepiness. He has a sedentary job and a long…
Lower Extremity Revascularization for Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease
NATURAL HISTORY Print Section Listen During the past half century, vascular specialists have made major progress in treating vascular diseases with chronic ischemia of the lower extremities. Peripheral arterial occlusive…
Nonembolic Disorders of the Pulmonary Artery
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen The pulmonary artery (PA) functions as a low resistance conduit for blood to travel from the right heart to the systemic circulation. However, to view the…
Primary Vascular Tumors
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Peripheral vascular tumors are rare, yet some physicians encounter patients with these tumors regularly and most physicians encounter them at least several times in the course…
Contemporary Treatment of Congenital Vascular Malformations
INTRODUCTION Print Section Listen Vascular malformations, angiodysplasias represent a group of diseases, which is characterized by congenital vascular defects encountered in an enormous complexity and variety. In earlier times, these…
