Historical Background In 1968 Kistner was the first to describe direct surgical repair of incompetent deep venous valves. Indirect valve repair was first popularized in the early 1980s after report…
Historical Background Although Kolff and colleagues reported the development of a hemodialysis machine for renal replacement therapy in 1944, maintenance hemodialysis did not become a reality for another 2 decades…
Historical Background Sclerotherapy is the chemical ablation of abnormal veins. The modern goal of therapy is an irreversible fibrotic occlusion, followed by reabsorption of the target vessel. Sclerotherapy is an…
Historical Background Anticoagulation has long been considered the gold standard for treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This therapy is effective at preventing DVT extension, pulmonary embolism, and…
Historical Background By the 1890s Trendelenburg not only had developed the compression test to evaluate saphenous vein reflux but also had performed great saphenous vein ligations using a transverse upper…
Historical Background The first direct venous reconstruction using a saphenous vein graft for “postphlebitic stasis” was reported in 1954 by Warren and Thayer. In the late 1950s and 1960s venous…
Historical Background In 1969 Rosch and colleagues reported the first transjugular portal venography and portacaval shunt placement in a canine model. At that time, they foresaw the potential therapeutic benefits…
Historical Background In 1757 Hunter was the first to describe a patient with compression of the superior vena cava (SVC) by a large syphilitic aortic aneurysm leading to thrombosis. In…
Historical Background Fasciotomy is designed to prevent nerve injury and myonecrosis resulting from compartment syndrome characterized by elevated pressure within a fixed extremity compartment. Compartment syndrome is most often observed…
Historical Background Vena cava interruption for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) was introduced in the 1950s and 1960s. Femoral vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation, as well as partial…
