Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the commonly observed clustering of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The components of MetS occur together more often than expected by chance and display…
Lipoprotein Disorders
Abstract Plasma levels of triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are highly heritable traits. The study of their human genomics has identified >150 genes that…
Personalized Lifestyle Medicine
Abstract Lifestyle medicine is the application of exercise, nutrition, and other lifestyle habits to maintain and improve human health. It is becoming clear that the typical elements of pharmacologic medicine…
Family Health History and Health Risk Assessment For Cardiovascular Disease in Health Care
Abstract Health risk assessments (HRAs) have the potential to play a key role in health promotion and disease prevention both at an individual and a population level. While the idea…
Distal Revascularization Interval Ligation Procedure
Historical Background The steal phenomenon was first described in 1969 by Storey and associates after creation of a Brescia-Cimino-Appel autogenous access. Steal can be a potentially limb-threatening event and must…
Unconventional Venous Access Procedures for Chronic Hemodialysis
Historical Background Despite the success of the Brescia-Cimino type subcutaneous arteriovenous fistula in 1962, the absence of suitable forearm vessels in many patients led to the evaluation of alternative conduits….
Surgical and Endovascular Intervention for Arteriovenous Graft Thrombosis
Historical Background As of 2007, 527,000 patients received treatment for end-stage renal disease in the United States. During this same year, approximately 1500 access interventions were performed per 1000 patients….
Basilic and Femoral Vein Transposition
Historical Background In 1976 Dagher and colleagues reported a series of 23 upper arm basilic vein transpositions for hemodialysis. The procedure did not achieve widespread acceptance until after the first…
Endovenous Thermal Ablation of Saphenous and Perforating Veins
Historical Background Venous valve anatomy was first described in the 1500s, but with the exception of compression wraps, treatment for chronic venous disease (CVD) was not considered until several centuries…
Forearm Loop Graft and Brachial Artery–Axillary Vein Interposition Graft
Historical Background Kolff’s development of hemodialysis in the 1930s led to a series of advances in the care of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although native arteriovenous fistulas and…
