Thoracic Key

Epidemiology of Hyperlipidemia Prevalence Elevated cholesterol is a well-established and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2008 there were an estimated 17.3 million CVD deaths worldwide, 2.6 million…

Diabetes mellitus (“diabetes”) and hypertension, which commonly coexist, are global public health issues contributing to an enormous burden of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and premature mortality and disability. The…

Association of Obesity And Hypertension Obesity has been called the epidemic of our time with approximately 70% of the adults in the United States either overweight or obese according to…

Hypertension is a common feature after solid organ transplantation, related to preexisting disease, the vascular effects of immunosuppressive medications, and in the setting of renal transplantation, the presence of acute…

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by laboratory findings of a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to less than 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m 2 or evidence…

Hypertension remains an almost ubiquitous entity as a chronic disease around the world today. Its relevance lies in the fact that it is one of the most common risk factors…

The burden of heart failure remains ever present with a long-standing, inexorable association with hypertension. Though advances in evidence-based medical therapy for reduced ejection fraction heart failure have led to…

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Affecting up to 30% of the population,…

Hypertension and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are strongly related and the two co-occur frequently, particularly in aging populations. Both conditions cause or contribute to substantial disability and mortality worldwide and…